Ko te Gluconeogenesis te tukanga o te synthesizing glucose i roto i te tinana mai i nga puna kore-wairowaihā pēnei i te lactate me te pyruvate. Ko te biosynthesis o te kukuhu hou, kaore i te Gluconeogenesis e kitea ko te tukanga anabolic whakamua o te glycolysis, te wehenga me te tangohanga o te kaha mai i te glucose.
Kai Rarama me te Parani Kai
Ka taea e nga ruma katoa o te tinana te whakamahi i te kukuhu, a he torutoru e whakawhirinaki ana ki a ia.
Mena e kai ana koe i te kai kai, he nui te pounamu o te tinana mai i te kai kai Amerika e kai ana koe. Hei tauira, ko nga kaikai (he nui i roto i nga karepe tae atu ki te paraoa, te rīwai, me ētahi atu) he mema roa o te glucose. I tua atu, ko nga kaiao e puta ana ki te ahua o te kainga, he nui nga kai o te nuinga o nga tangata. Engari, ki te kore e pau te waipiro, ka hangaia e te tinana te kuku mai i etahi atu puna. Ahakoa te tukanga e whakamahi ana i te kaha o te kaha me te tikanga o te tukanga whakahou o te tinana e kaha ana te kaha o te tinana, ko te mahi gluceoneogenesis he mahi-a tawhio noa mo te tinana o to tinana kia whiwhi me te pupuri i te kaha e hiahia ana ki te whakahaere i nga mahi o te tinana.
Gluconeogenesis me tou Hiko
Ko te tukanga o te gluconeogenesis e tupu ana i roto i te ate, i te wahi i hangaia ai te waipiro mai i te waikawa amino (te pūmua), te glycerol (te hiku o te triglycerides , te moemoea mo te rokiroki o te ngako matua), me te whakawhitinga o te kaimoana me te hangarau o te katukateka rite te lactate me te pyruvate.
Ko te lactate ka puta mai i te ngoikoretanga o te kiri o te uaua me te tuku ki te ate i roto i te toto. I te po, i te mea kaore i kainga e tatou mo etahi haora, ka timata te tinana ki te hanga glucose ma te whakamahi i te gluconeogenesis. Tenei te pehea e mahi ai te tukanga.
Ko nga Hipanga e toru i Gluconeogenesis
- Ko te whakawhitinga o te whakaheke ki te waikawa phosphoenolpyruvic (PEP) ko te taahiraa tuatahi i te gluconeogenesis. He maha nga taahiraa e hiahiatia ana Hei whakaora i te tipu ki te PEP, tae atu ki etahi o nga haurangi. Hei tauira, ko te pyruvate carboxylase, te PEP carboxykinase, me te malate dehydrogenase te kawenga mo tenei huringa. Kei te kitea te carboxylase i te mitochondria me te whakahuri i te pyruvate ki te oxaloacetate. Kaore e taea e te Oxaloacetate te whakawhiti i roto i nga mitochondria membranes, na reira me tahuri tuatahi ki te kaitohutohu e te malate dehydrogenase. Ka taea e Malate te whakawhiti i te membrane mitochondria ki te cytoplasm i reira ka hurihia ki roto ki te oxaloacetate me tetahi atu o te dehydrogenase. Ko te mutunga, ka hurihia te oxaloacetate ki te PEP me te PEP carboxykinase. Ko nga taahiraa e whai ake nei he rite tonu te rite ki te whakawhitinga o te tukanga ko te tukanga.
- Ko te taahiraa tuarua e rere ke ana i te glycolysis ko te whakahuri o te korukori-1,6-bP ki te fructose-6-P me te whakamahi i te fructose-1,6-phosphatase. Ko te whakahuri o te fructose-6-P ki te glucose-6-P te whakamahi i te hauora rite rite te glycolysis, phosphoglucoisomerase.
- Ko te taahiraa whakamutunga e rereke ana i te glycolysis ko te whakahuri o te glucose-6-P ki te glucose me te glucose-6-phosphatase enzyme. Kei roto tenei enzyme i te reticulum endoplasmic.
Ko te Mea Nui o te Glucose ki To Ara me To Tohu
Ko te Glucose te puna nui o te kaha mo te tinana me te roro. Ko te Gluconeogenesis e whakaatu ana i te kore o te kukuhu mai i te whakawhitinga o te koiora kei te pupurihia nga taahitanga nui o te hukahuka ina ngaro te warowaira. Ko te roro anake e whakamahi ana i te 100 karamu o te glucose i te ra. Ka taea e te tinana te whakamahi hohoro i te kukuhu mo te kaha.
Kaupapa:
Ko te Whakamahinga Kairangi mo te Energy, Te Huakawa, te Kapi, te Fat, Te Huakawa Fatote, te Cholesterol, te Protein, me te Amino Acids (Macronutrients) (2005), Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board, National Academy of Sciences.
Ko te Medical Biochemistry Whārangi.com Hanuere 2016.
UC Davis. Gluconeogenesis. ChemWiki 2016.